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In most glaucoma patients, the eye pressure rises gradually, hence most people with glaucoma have absolutely no symptoms. By the time the patient notices that something is wrong, the glaucoma is already very advanced. Hence, glaucoma is often called the silent thief of sight.
Early detection and treatment of glaucoma are crucial in preventing further damage to the eye nerve.
There are a few treatment options for glaucoma, including:
There are many types of eye drops available for the treatment of glaucoma. Glaucoma is a lifelong condition hence these eyedrops would need to be used daily for life. If the eye drops do not work well enough or are causing intolerable side effects (eye redness, itchiness, dryness), other types of glaucoma treatment would be required.
Tube Implant Surgery
Trabeculectomy
Laser for Angle-Closure Glaucoma
Glaucoma treatment should be personalized to suit your needs. A comprehensive assessment by Dr Chelvin will allow her to determine the most appropriate treatment for you.
Adjunct Associate Professor
Senior Consultant Ophthalmologist
Adjunct Associate Professor
Senior Consultant Ophthalmologist
Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS) is able to drain fluid from the eye through microscopic devices, therefore reducing eye pressure and preserving vision.
Benefits of MIGS
✓ High safety profile with low risk of serious complications.
✓ Smaller eye incisions
✓ Effective in lowering intraocular eye pressure.
✓ Reduces or eliminates need for glaucoma medications
✓ Rapid recovery with minimal downtime.
Tube implant surgery involves inserting a device into the eye which lowers the eye pressure by draining fluid out.
There are a few types of tube implants, all of which have a small tube as well as a larger plate attached. The two main types of tubes used worldwide are the Ahmed and Baerveldt tubes. Studies have shown that the Baerveldt tube is more effective in lowering the eye pressure compared with the Ahmed tube, likely because it has a larger plate than the Ahmed. However, there are more complications associated with the Baerveldt tube, including a higher risk of low eye pressure which can result in vision loss.
In recent years, we have a new tube called the Paul Glaucoma Implant, or PGI for short. It has a smaller inner tube size of 0.1mm compared with 0.3mm for the Ahmed and Baerveldt tubes. The plate size of the PGI is larger than the Ahmed and more similar to the Baerveldt tube. Hence, early studies suggest that the efficacy of the PGI may be similar to the Baerveldt and better than the Ahmed, with a low rate of complications including low eye pressure.
Trabeculectomy is a commonly performed glaucoma surgery worldwide. This procedure creates a new pathway for fluid to drain out of the eye, hence reducing eye pressure. In this surgery, the eye surgeon makes an incision in the conjunctiva, the outermost layer covering the white part of the eye. A small flap is created in the sclera, which is the white outer wall of the eye. A small piece of tissue under the flap is removed which allows fluid from inside the eye to flow out. The flap is then placed back down and stitched. This protects against too much fluid from draining, which will cause the eye pressure to be too low.
Whilst trabeculectomy is effective in some patients, the results may vary amongst individuals. Trabeculectomy is also associated with sight-threatening complications. Hence, newer surgical options may be a better alternative for some patients.
Glaucoma laser procedures lower the eye pressure by either increasing the drainage of fluid from the eye or reducing the fluid production into the eye.
Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) can bring about microscopic changes in the drainage pathway, improving fluid drainage and reducing eye pressure. A large study has shown that after initial treatment with SLT, three-quarters of newly diagnosed patients with early and moderate open-angle glaucoma do not require glaucoma eye drops after 3 years.
In angle-closure glaucoma, the drainage angle is too narrow or may be closed, preventing fluid from entering the drainage pathway. This can result in either a gradual or sudden increase in eye pressure. Laser procedures, including laser iridotomy and laser iridoplasty, can widen the drainage angle, enabling fluid to drain more easily, hence reducing the eye pressure.
SLT, laser iridotomy and iridoplasty are all outpatient procedures done in the clinic, so you can go home afterwards. These laser procedures are generally very safe, with almost no down-time so you can return to your normal activities soon after.
There’s no one size fits all solution for glaucoma. Get assessed by Dr Chelvin today!
Early detection and treatment of glaucoma are crucial in preventing further damage to the eye nerve. The American Academy of Ophthalmology recommends that everyone should get their eyes regularly checked from the age of 40. If you have a family history of glaucoma, you should have regular eye exams earlier from the age of 20. Early glaucoma often has no symptoms, so it is important to get your eyes checked regularly.
With appropriate treatment, the outlook for glaucoma patients is an optimistic one and the majority of treated glaucoma patients will be able to retain good vision during their lifetime.
Director and Senior Consultant Ophthalmologist Specialist in Cataract Surgery and Cataract PLUS
Current Appointments:
Medical Director, Chelvin Sng Eye Centre
Adjunct Associate Professor (National University of Singapore)
Visiting Consultant (National University Hospital)
Adjunct Clinician Investigator (Singapore Eye Research Institute)
Convenor of the Asia-Pacific Glaucoma Society Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (APGS-MIGS) Interest Group
Secretary of the Glaucoma Association of Singapore
Director of the Asian Organizing Committee, Ophthalmology Futures Forums
Key Opinion Leader of Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Sugery
Co-Inventor of the Paul Glaucoma Implant
Key Achievements:
Graduated with Triple First Class Honours and Distinctions from Cambridge University (top student in College)
4 Gold Medals for the Ophthalmology Specialist Accreditation Examinations
Singapore Society of Ophthalmology (SSO) Young Ophthalmologist Award
Asia-Pacific Glaucoma Society Young Investigator Award
Asia-Pacific Academy of Ophthalmology Achievement Award
Voted “Top 50 Rising Stars” in the Global Ophthalmologist Power List 2017
Voted “Top 100 Female Ophthalmologists” in the Global Ophthalmologist Power List 2021
Identify and treat your eye condition today.
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